Understanding how retirement income from various sources like Social Security benefits, IRA distributions, and pensions are taxed can lead to smarter financial planning decisions. If you find this difficult to navigate alone, consider seeking advice from a financial advisor. Retirement income can be quite diverse, comprised of several sources, each with its own taxation rules. Common sources include Social Security benefits, pensions, withdrawals from 401(k)s, IRAs, annuities and income from investments such as dividends and capital gains.
A financial advisor can help you understand how each is taxed and walk you through different tax planning strategies for your retirement.
How Social Security Benefits Are Taxed
Social Security benefits form a significant part of retirement income. These payments made to eligible retirees could be tax-free, partially taxable or entirely taxable at the federal level, depending on total combined income.
Knowing these tax implications is an important step in preparing for your retirement. For example, if your total combined income falls below the predetermined thresholds, your Social Security benefits won’t be taxed. But, if it exceeds those thresholds, up to 85% of your benefits may be taxable.
You should also take note that state tax laws vary, with some taxing Social Security benefits and others not. You should check with a professional or with your state to know for sure how much you might pay.
How Pension Benefits Are Taxed
Pensions are retirement plans whereby an employer guarantees a specified retirement monthly benefit, which is based on the employee’s earnings history, tenure of service and age.
You should note that pensions do not follow a “one-size-fits-all” tax rule. This type of retirement plan is generally taxed as ordinary income when money gets withdrawn or distributed. But each person’s tax situation varies depending on the terms of their pension contract.
Additionally, you should keep in mind that some states impose income taxes on retirement income, while others offer exemptions or reduced rates for retirees. So it’s important to consider both federal and state tax implications when planning for retirement income and discuss them with a tax professional to avoid surprises during tax season.
Taxes on 401(k) or IRA Account Withdrawals
A 401(k) or IRA account are both popular retirement savings accounts that offer tax advantages such as tax-deferred growth. Pre-tax contributions to traditional 401(k) and IRA accounts are subject to ordinary income tax upon withdrawal.
After tax contributions, like those made for nondeductible IRA contributions or Roth accounts, aren’t taxable upon withdrawal. But earnings on those contributions might depend on your specific tax situation and timing.
You should also take note that early withdrawals before age 59 1/2 from these traditional accounts can trigger a 10% penalty. So knowing when, and how much, to withdraw without penalties will help protect your retirement savings.
Other Tax Liabilities to Consider in Retirement
When planning for retirement, here are five additional tax liabilities look out for:
- Capital gains tax: If you sell investments like stocks or real estate for a profit during retirement, you could be pay taxes on capital gains. This rate will depend on how long you held the asset and your income level.
- Required minimum distributions (RMDs): After reaching age 73, you will be required to take minimum distributions that are subject to income taxes from IRAs and 401(k)s. Failing to do so can result in penalties.
- Medicare premiums: If you are a higher-income retiree, you may face higher Medicare Part B and Part D premiums that are based on income.
- Alternative minimum tax (AMT): Depending on your financial situation, you may still be subject to the AMT in retirement, which has its own set of rules and rates.
- Tax-efficient withdrawal strategies: Consider the timing and sequence of your retirement account withdrawals to minimize tax impact. Strategies like Roth conversions, or the use of taxable and tax-advantaged accounts, can help.
Bottom Line
Understanding how different types of retirement incomes are taxed could immensely influence your retirement planning. Therefore, you should consider both how much you save and how much of it you will have after taxes. Understanding these laws and consulting a tax expert could help you plan for a tax-efficient retirement.
Tips for Retirement
- Understanding how your retirement income will be taxed is the first step in planning out your retirement finances. Before you create a budget, you need to make sure you’re saving enough. A financial advisor can help you make a long-term retirement plan that meets your needs and desires. Finding a financial advisor doesn’t have to be hard. SmartAsset’s free tool matches you with up to three vetted financial advisors who serve your area, and you can have a free introductory call with your advisor matches to decide which one you feel is right for you. If you’re ready to find an advisor who can help you achieve your financial goals, get started now.
- Before making a plan you need to know about how much you should save. SmartAsset’s free retirement calculator can help you do just that.
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