Which States Tax Social Security Benefits?

Taxation of Social Security benefits at the state level can significantly affect your overall retirement budget. How large the effect is, or whether there is an effect at all, depends on which state you retire to. While most states do not tax Social Security income, eight states impose taxes on all or part of these benefits. The specifics of how benefits are taxed depend on each state’s regulations and your income level.

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1. Colorado

In Colorado, Social Security benefits are subject to state income tax, but retirees can claim a sizable deduction. Residents aged 55 to 64 can deduct up to $20,000 of retirement income, while those 65 and older can deduct up to $24,000. This means that for many retirees, only a portion of their benefits may be taxed, depending on their total income from all sources.

2. Connecticut

Connecticut doesn’t tax Social Security benefits that are exempt from federal income tax and exempts some Social Security payments from taxation based on income level. Single filers with an adjusted gross income (AGI) below $75,000 and joint filers with an AGI below $100,000 are exempt from paying state taxes on their Social Security benefits. For those with higher incomes, benefits may be partially taxable.

3. Minnesota

In Minnesota, Social Security benefits are subject to state income tax, but exemptions are available. The exemption amount varies depending on income, with single filers earning $84,490 or less and joint filers earning $108,320 or less paying no tax on these benefits for tax year 2025. The exemption decreases as income increases. All federally taxable benefits may be subject to state tax for single filers earning $120,491 and up and married filers with income of $144,321 and up.

4. Montana

Montana taxes Social Security benefits similarly to the federal government. That is, if your combined income, including half of your Social Security benefits, exceeds certain thresholds, a portion of your benefits will be subject to state income tax. For single filers, this threshold is $25,000, while for joint filers, it is $32,000. Retirees with lower incomes may avoid taxes on their Social Security benefits, but those with higher combined incomes may face partial taxation.

5. New Mexico

New Mexico residents may be exempt from paying state income taxes on Social Security benefits based on income and filing status. All Social Security income is exempt for single filers with less than $100,000 in income and for joint filers under $150,000 in income.

6. Rhode Island

Rhode Island taxes Social Security benefits, but it offers an exemption based on income. Single filers with an AGI below $107,000 and joint filers with an AGI below $133,750 are exempt from state taxes on Social Security benefits for tax year 2025. Those with incomes above these thresholds may see their benefits partially taxed. Rhode Island’s approach aims to provide tax relief for lower- and middle-income retirees while still taxing higher earners.

7. Utah

Utah taxes Social Security benefits using the same flat 4.65% rate applied to other income, but also provides an income-based retirement tax credit that can partially offset the cost. Single filers with an AGI below $54,000 and joint filers/heads of household with an AGI below $90,000 are eligible for the full credit.

8. Vermont

Vermont taxes Social Security benefits based on income level, similar to federal guidelines. Single filers with an AGI below $50,000 and joint filers with an AGI below $65,000 are exempt from state taxes on their Social Security benefits. For those above these income levels, a portion of the benefits may be subject to taxation.

States That No Longer Tax Social Security Benefits

The vast majority of states do not tax Social Security benefits. West Virginia was the latest state to join this group, as it began phasing out its taxation of Social Security in 2024 before fully eliminating it in 2026.

Several other states have recently changed their tax policies regarding Social Security benefits. Missouri previously taxed Social Security income but stopped doing so in 2024, providing full exemption to retirees over age 62.

In 2024, Kansas began exempting 100% of Social Security benefits from state taxes. Nebraska also completely phased out its taxes on Social Security income that same year, further easing the tax burden on retirees.

States That Do Not Tax Social Security Benefits	States That Tax Social Security Benefits
Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming	Colorado, Connecticut, Minnesota, Montana, New Mexico, Rhode Island, Utah, Vermont

States That Do Not Tax
Social Security Benefits

States That Tax
Social Security Benefits

Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming

Colorado, Connecticut, Minnesota, Montana, New Mexico, Rhode Island, Utah, Vermont

Bottom Line

A senior couple reviewing their tax plan.

Social Security benefit taxation varies significantly from state to state, impacting retirees differently depending on where they live. While some states have phased out taxes on these benefits, others still impose taxes based on income thresholds or other factors. Understanding these differences can help retirees make informed decisions about where to reside and how to manage their finances for maximum benefit in retirement.

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