How Long Will $3 Million Last in Retirement?

How long $3 million lasts in retirement depends on your spending habits and investment returns. Spending is largely within your control, but healthcare and other unexpected expenses can arise. While past investment returns offer a guideline, future performance can vary. For most people, a $3 million nest egg is likely to support a comfortable retirement. If you need help developing a plan for retirement, consider talking to a financial advisor.

Estimating How Long $3 Million Will Last

Spending levels and investment returns determine how long your retirement savings will last. Here are three scenarios that show how different approaches to spending and investing can affect your retirement outlook.

The Conservative Approach

A 65-year-old couple with $3 million might withdraw 3% of their portfolio, or $90,000, in their first year of retirement, then increase withdrawals for inflation each year. A 3% rate is lower than the typical 4% withdrawal rule, adding a margin of safety. If they estimate a 6% annual return—a conservative figure for a diversified portfolio—they further protect their savings.

A 3% withdrawal on $3 million generates $90,000 for the first year. After adjusting for inflation, this can support a comfortable retirement in most areas. With a 6% return, their portfolio could generate $180,000 per year, assuming steady market performance. Conservative spending and stable investment returns can help retirement savings last indefinitely.

The Middle-of-the-Road Approach

A second couple, also age 65, plans moderate spending and expects to withdraw 4% of their savings in the first year. They allocate more to equities, accepting higher volatility in exchange for potentially greater long-term returns. They project 8% annual investment gains.

This approach provides $120,000 to spend in year one, but $240,000 in projected investment income. With these assumptions, their portfolio should last indefinitely, even with inflation adjustments.

The Aggressive Approach

A third couple, both age 65, plans to withdraw $360,000 per year, or 12% of their portfolio. To support this, they invest aggressively, hoping to earn 10% annual returns, or $300,000 per year.

In this scenario, the couple’s expenses outpace their investment earnings. As a result, they will empty their retirement fund in about 16 years. To make their savings last for about 25 years, they would need to earn a consistent 12% with their investments, which is well above the long-term averages.

Extending the Life of Your Retirement Savings

Healthcare costs often rise faster than inflation, and retirees may need hundreds of thousands for medical and long-term care.

There are a number of steps retirees can take to stretch their retirement savings. Here are four common ones to consider:

Spend less: Most people find spending easier to control than investment returns. Downsizing, relocating to a lower-cost area or traveling during off-peak seasons are common strategies to lower retirement expenditures. Just keep in mind that unexpected costs, such as medical bills, can still disrupt even the best-laid plans, pushing spending above budget.
Invest more aggressively: A more aggressive approach to investing can translate to higher earnings, though there are no guarantees. Retirees might opt to put a larger percentage of their portfolio into higher earning assets, especially stocks, instead of safer assets, such as certificates of deposit (CDs), which may not even keep up with inflation. While stock-heavy portfolios have outperformed bonds over long periods, higher returns are never guaranteed and come with more risk.
Introduce additional income streams: Other income sources can also stretch your retirement fund. Social Security benefits, pensions, annuities or income from part-time work can help you maintain your lifestyle and slow the drawdown of your savings.
Consider living in a tax-friendly state: One of the most effective ways to stretch a $3 million nest egg is to have residency in the most tax-friendly states. For example, some states don’t tax any income, including wages, salaries, dividends and interest, while others offer more targeted tax breaks for retirees. such as deductions or exemptions on retirement income. These differences can add up, especially for retirees with large withdrawals or several income streams.

Healthcare and Longevity Risks

Two factors that can put pressure on a $3 million retirement fund are medical costs and longer-than-expected lifespans.

Healthcare costs tend to rise faster than general inflation, and retirees often face higher expenses as they age. Estimates suggest that a couple retiring at 65 could need several hundred thousand dollars to cover out-of-pocket medical expenses over their lifetime, not including the cost of long-term care. Services like assisted living or nursing home stays can add hundreds of thousands more, depending on the length of care required.

Longevity is another key consideration. While many retirees plan for around a 20- to 25-year retirement, it is increasingly common for one or both members of a couple to live into their 90s. That extends the period during which withdrawals, healthcare spending and lifestyle costs must be covered.

Planning ahead for these risks can make a difference. Some retirees dedicate part of their savings specifically to healthcare needs, purchase long-term care insurance or use annuity products that provide lifetime income. Addressing both medical costs and the possibility of a longer life helps reduce the chance of depleting savings prematurely, even with a substantial balance such as $3 million.

Bottom Line

With $3 million saved, your retirement plan depends on spending, investments, location and how you manage taxes and income.

Planning for retirement with a $3 million portfolio opens up a range of possibilities, from conservative strategies focused on stability to approaches that embrace more risk in pursuit of higher returns. How long these savings last often comes down to spending patterns, investment choices and where you live. By considering tax policies, managing expenses and factoring in additional income sources, retirees can shape a financial plan that fits both their needs and their vision for the future.

Retirement Planning Tips

To help you develop a plan for funding a secure and comfortable retirement, consider talking to a financial advisor. Finding a financial advisor doesn’t have to be hard. SmartAsset’s free tool matches you with vetted financial advisors who serve your area, and you can have free introductory calls with your advisor matches to decide which one you feel is right for you. If you’re ready to find an advisor who can help you achieve your financial goals, get started now.
Location can be as important in retirement as it is in real estate. When you’re deciding where you want to retire, SmartAsset’s cost of living calculator can help you compare locations. Enter your current location, the city you are considering for relocation, your household income and a few other details. You’ll learn how much higher or lower the cost in the new location will be, as well as how much you’ll need to earn to maintain your lifestyle there.